The results are presented and conclusions are drawn about the mechanical properties of various fused filament fabrication materials. The samples are tested for tensile strength following ASTM D638. This study investigates the mechanical properties of 3-D printed parts using a commercial open-source 3-D printer for a wide range of materials. It is challenging to 3-D print functional parts with known mechanical properties using variable open source 3-D printers. Finally, the abundant supply of PLA 3-D prints suggest open-source printers assembled by individual operators can produce quality plastic components although the mechanical performance of the given part can vary dramatically based on the operator selection of printing parameters that provide a visually acceptable part. Vertical tensile specimens had an ultimate tensile strength 47.9% less than horizontal. Furthermore, anisotropic mechanical property variances were quantified for Type IV specimens (vertical and horizontal orientations).
The results indicate that utilizing Type IV tensile test piece geometry may overestimate the UTS relative to the Type I. This paper utilizes a large pool of 47 user-assembled 3-D printers to quantify the mechanical property variations of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength of FFF printed components using ASTM D638-14 horizontally-oriented Type I and IV geometries for poly lactic acid (PLA). However, with a wide range of low-cost FFF 3-D printers and settings possible, there is a lack of information on the variability in printed mechanical properties. The open source introduction of fused filament fabrication (FFF) enables distributed manufacturing of consumer products.
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